Lesson 05 How Potatoes Changed the World
고등영어1 시사 한상호 5과 본문 음원자료입니다.
The Industrial Revolution
Thanks to the fact that the potato was inexpensive and nutritious, many Europeans escaped famines, and the populations in European nations increased rapidly during the 19th century.
Furthermore, the potato indirectly led to the Industrial Revolution in 19th century England.
It was easier to grow potatoes than many other crops, so fewer people were needed for farming.
People who no longer worked on farms came to the cities and became factory workers, which enabled new manufacturing industries to grow more quickly.
With the larger populations and more advanced technologies, European nations became powerful enough to venture into other parts of the world and colonize them.
The Irish Famine
The impact of the potato in Europe was not entirely positive.
It was much more complicated.
Because the people of Ireland were excessively dependent upon the potato for food, when a potato disease hit Europe in 1845, it led to a disastrous situation.
Many countries were affected, but Ireland suffered the most.
In two months, the disease wiped out almost half of the potato crop in Ireland.
The situation continued to worsen.
By 1852, more than one million Irish people, about 20 percent of the population, had starved to death, while another two million people had fled Ireland, and almost three-quarters of them had migrated to the United States.
It was one of the deadliest famines in history.
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